It is also commonly referred to as train transport. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Track usually consists of steel rails, installed on ties (sleepers) and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as slab track where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface.
About Indian Railways
The first railway on Indian sub-continent ran over a stretch of twenty one miles from city to Thane. the thought of a railway to attach city with Thane, Kalyan and with the Thal and Bhore Ghats inclines 1st occurred to Mr. George Clark, the Chief Engineer of the city Government, throughout a visit to Bhandup in 1843.
The formal inauguration ceremony was performed on sixteenth Apr 1853, once fourteen railway carriages carrying concerning four hundred guests left Bori Bunder at three.30 pm "amidst the loud approval of a colossal multitude and to the salute of twenty one guns." the primary train steamed out of Howrah station destined for Hooghly, a distance of twenty four miles, on fifteenth August, 1854. so the primary section of the East Indian Railway was opened to public traffic, inaugurating the start of railway transport on the japanese facet of the landmass.
In south the primary line was opened on Ist July, 1856 by the Madras Railway Company. It ran between Vyasarpadi Jeeva Nilayam (Veyasarpandy) and Walajah Road (Arcot), a distance of sixty three miles. within the North a length of 119 miles of line was ordered from Allahabad to Kanpur on third March 1859. the primary section from Hathras Road to Mathura bivouac was opened to traffic on nineteenth Oct, 1875.
These were the x-small’s beginnings that is due course developed into a network of railway lines everywhere the country. By 1880 the Indian railway had a route mileage of concerning 9000 miles. INDIAN RAILWAYS, the premier transport organization of the country is that the largest rail network in Asia and therefore the world’s second largest beneath one management.
Territorial Readjustment of Zones and In-House Reforms
In order to bring on larger potency in administration, speedy implementation of on-going comes, higher client care, reduction of employment on General Managers etc., Indian Railways have set to make seven new zones by territorial re-adjustment of existing zones. The new zones, having restricted money burden on Railways, can have skinny and lean, economical and trendy body discovered. 2 of the new zones have already started functioning.
National Rail Vikas Yojana
With a read to finish strategically necessary comes at intervals a stipulated amount of your time, a non-budgetary investment initiative for the event of Railways has been launched.. underneath the theme all the capability bottlenecks within the important sections of the railway network are going to be removed at AN investment of Rs.15,000 large integer over consecutive 5 years. These comes would include:
1.Strengthening of the golden Quadrilateral to run a lot of long-distance mail/express and freight trains at a better speed of a hundred kmph.
2.Strengthening of rail property to ports and development of multi-modal corridors to boondocks.
3.Construction of 4 mega bridges - 2 over watercourse Ganga, one over watercourse Brahmaputra, and one over watercourse Kosi.
4.Accelerated completion of these comes nearing completion and different necessary comes.
New Steps towards Safety and Security :
Safety of thirteen million passengers that Indian Railways serve on a daily basis is of dominant importance to the system. Over the years, aside from the regular safety norms followed, the network has taken variety of steps through innovative use of technology and stepped up coaching to its workforce to reinforce safety standards. Constitution of Rs.17,000 large integer non-lapsable Special Railway Safety Fund (SRSF) to switch the arrears of aging assets of Railways over ensuing six years has been a historical move during this direction. variety of distressed bridges, old tracks, signalling system and alternative safety sweetening devices are going to be replaced throughout this era. As so much as budget allocation for safety thinks about, Rs.1,400 large integer was allotted within the revised estimate for the year 2001-02 and Rs.2,210 large integer for the year 2002-2003. in depth field trials of the Anti-Collision Device (ACD), indigenously developed by Konkan Railway, goes on and once deployed across the Zonal Railways, this innovative technology can facilitate railways cut back accidents owing to collision between trains.
Security of railway passengers is nowadays a shared responsibility of the Railway Protection Force (RPF) and therefore the Government Reserve Police (GRP). Efforts ar on to amend the Railway Act to offer additional powers to the RPF in guaranteeing security of passengers on trains and inside Railway premises. readying of girls police has been created for security and help of girls passengers.
Improving Financial Health :
New Trends in Passenger Amenities :
To take care of the unreserved section of the passengers, a brand new test on pc based mostly unreserved ticketing has been launched this year. Of the thirteen million passengers served by the network everyday, nearly twelve million ar unreserved passengers. To cater to the present large section, pc based mostly ticketing systems has been launched for all stations in urban center space and in due course throughout the country. With this, unreserved tickets may be issued even from locations aside from the boarding station and can scale back crowds at booking offices and stations.
Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation :
with the help of Centre for Railway info Systems has launched On-line ticketing facility which might be accessed through web site irctc.co.in. computerised reservation facilities were superimposed at 245 new locations. nowadays these facilities ar on the market at 758 locations within the country covering regarding ninety six per cent of the full employment of traveler reservation. computerised Reservation connected enquiries regarding accommodation availableness, traveler standing, train schedule, train between try of stations etc. are created net enabled.
A trial for issuance monthly and quarterly season tickets through machine Machines (ATMs) has been launched in urban center this year and has been found terribly productive. Another trial for getting tickets together with monthly and quarterly season tickets through revolving credit has conjointly been launched.
"National Train Enquiry System" has been started so as to produce upgraded traveler info and enquiries. this technique provides the train running position on a current basis through numerous output devices like terminals within the station enquiries and Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) at vital railway stations. thus far the project has been enforced at ninety eight stations.
Freight Operations data system (FOIS) Computerisation of freight operations by Railways has been achieved by implementing Rake Management System (RMS). Such FOIS terminals ar on the market at 235 locations
Railways have established their own intra-net ’Railnet’ It provides networking between Railway Board, Zonal Headquarters, Divisional headquarters, Production Units, coaching Centers etc.
Sterling Performance by PSUs the general public sector undertakings of the Railways, particularly IRCON and RITES, scored commendable achievements throughout the last 3 years. IRCON International has achieved a record turnover of Rs.900 large integer throughout 2001-02 and therefore the interchange earnings of this prestigious organization has multiplied six fold over the years. At the international level, IRCON is nowadays corporal punishment completely different comes in Malaya, Bangladesh and Dutch East Indies. The PSU has registered a powerful presence within the international state of affairs by its sterling account.
RITES, another prestigious PSU below the Ministry has scaled new heights in performance, profit and dividend to the shareholders throughout the last 3 years. Its flip over multiplied from Rs.172 large integer in 1999 to Rs.283 large integer in 2002. RITES for its sterling performance secured the celebrated ISO-9001 Certification this year. the corporate has conjointly entered into export/leasing of locomotives in numerous countries in Asia and Africa. RITES is working everywhere the globe together with Columbia, UK, Iran, Malayasia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Indian Railways Finance Corporation restricted secured glorious rating for fourth year in succession by the Department of Public enterprises on the idea of the performance targets. Besides, Standards and Poor’s, the international credit rating agency, conjointly reaffirmed the sovereign ratings to IRFC. The Corporation has been creating profits and paying dividends.
Indian Railway line of work & business Corporation ( IRCTC ) net based mostly price tag booking has been launched by IRCTC in Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, urban center and urban center this year. healthful and cool food plazas having consumer-friendly atmosphere opened at Pune and urban center and license for similar plazas awarded for seventeen additional locations. In all, fifty such plazas are going to be opened by the top of this year across the zonal Railways. Railneer - packaged drink is to be created on the market from Dec this year.
More than a 100000 tourists have availed the worth superimposed tour package programme launched by the Corporation this year.
Innovative Technologies by Konkan Railway :
Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC), the technological marvel of Indian Railways, has fancied quite few new technologies. opposing Collision Device (ACD), state-of-art endemic technology of KRC is presently under-going intensive field trials and is capable of avoiding collision between trains. Sky bus railway system is another innovative, economic and eco-friendly mass speedy transportation answer devised by Konkan Railway. Self Stablising Track (SST) devised by KRC, that is undergoing trials at the moment, can facilitate Railways run the quickest train within the close to future and can build tracks way more safe and property.
Private Sector Participation :
The participation of each personal and public sectors in developing rail infrastructure has gone up. A venture company was shaped with Pipava Port authorities to supply railroad track property to Pipava Port. MoUs are signed between Ministry of Railways and also the State governments of province, Karnataka, geographic area, province, province and Jharkhand in developing rail infrastructure in these States.
Telecommunication - New Trends :
New Technologies :
India became the primary developing country and also the fifth country within the world to roll out the primary indigenously designed "state-of-the-art" mental attitude power 3 part round the bendmotive|locomotive|engine|locomotive engine|railway locomotive} once the primary such loco was flagged faraway from Chittranjan Locomotive Works (CLW). CLW has been achieving progressive indigenisation and also the value of locomotives has return right down to the amount of Rs.13.65 crore.
Diesel Locomotives Works, Varanasi has made progressive 4000 H.P. AC/AC engine in April this year. These locos square measure capable of transport four,800 MT freight trains at a speed of one hundred KMPH and may run unceasingly up to ninety days in one stretch with none major maintenance.
Honours and Awards
Indian Railways achieved variety of recognitions and awards in sports, business sector and for excellence in operational matters. within the Common Wealth Games in Manchester, the Indian groups record performance has been in the main as a result of Railway team’s excellence in sports. Except one member the complete women’s squad that bagged the decoration belonged to Railways. Mohd Ali Qamar of Asian nationn Railways has bagged decoration for boxing and different participants from Railways helped India win medals in many team events. variety of sportspersons from Railways were bestowed with the in demand mythical being Awards and different major sports awards.
Darjeeling mountain range Railways earned the globe Heritage standing from UN agency.
Fairy Queen, the oldest functioning external-combustion engine within the world, that finds an area within the Guinness Book of World Records, got Heritage Award at the International tourer Bureau, Berlin in March, 2000. On operational front, Delhi Main station entered the Guinness Book for having the world’s largest route relay interlocking system.
Social obligations and look after weaker sections
Senior voters, students, disabled persons etc. relish concessional edges from Railways. New initiatives during this space throughout the last 3 years embrace reduction elderly limits for special concession to senior girls national from sixty five to sixty years, blind and mentally challenged persons will currently travel in AC categories on kiosk rates. Free second category Monthly Season Tickets (MSTs) for college going youngsters upto tenth normal for travel between home and college was additionally introduced.
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